The Coral Gables Times

the and-cherry business. The enthusiast who planted one of these dwarfs had to keep his clippers handy. At this point Dr. Karl Sax, then at Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plains, Mass., tried a different approach. He grafted peach scions on the rootstocks of the Nanking Cherry, a native of Korea and China. This has a compact, fibrous root system, and is easily transplanted. The union produced an excellent dwarf peach tree, and later a dwarf plum. Both were just what the back-yard orchardist wanted. The oldest of Dr. Sax's dwarf peaches, now age 13, are still only six feet high. They bear generous crops in many varieties of peaches. Many nurseries are marketing them and thousands are thriving all over the country. Likewise, dwarf plums. APRICOTS and nectarines proved even more obstinate. They readily grew on the roots of the western sand cherry but withered away on Nanking cherry rootstocks. However, a bridge graft of a compatible peach in the trunk overcame their antipathy for Nanking cherry roots. And another wild plum, known as Prunus triloba, successfully dwarfed apricots. Sweet cherries for some strange reason spurned both the sand cherry and the Nanking Cherry, but Prof. Brase grafted them on another wild cherry, commonly known as the ground cherry, Prunus fruiticosa. One of the most remarkable dwarfing processes I have seen specializes in citrus dwarfs. It is run by Floyd C. Dillon and his son Don at their Four Winds Growers, Mission San Jose, Calif. The Dillons grow thirty varieties of oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, tangerines, and kumquats, using a remarkable process developed by Dr. F. F. Halma and a team of associates at the University of California Citrus Experiment Station at Riverside. After many years of testing, the Dillons found some dwarfing rootstocks that made real midgets of citrus trees, holding them down to eight feet in height. Equally important, Dr. Halma evolved a twig-grafting technique in which he sliced a bit of the tender bark from a rootstock twig, and tied it to a similarly sliced cutting from a desired orange or lemon tree. The rootstock twig was then stuck into a warm bed of sand, kept humid by a mist spray. In about two months the lower section of this union rooted, and the two twigs united into one. The result was a diminutive grafted citrus tree with a mass of fibrous roots instead of the customary tap root. This research technique results in a rooted grafted tree obtained in two months' time as compared with the two or three years usually required. The Dillons adapted this laboratory technique to assembly-line tree growing. Their "factory" fabricates about a hundred thousand dwarf citrus trees annually, many of which never get their roots into the good earth. These spend their lives in planters, many of which are on casters so that they can be rolled around. One Dillon dwarf citrus enthusiast has a complete orange grove on casters. He hunts his trees in and out of his patio to suit his mood. Much to their surprise, the Dillons have had orders for their citrus trees from nearly every state, and from Canada, Scotland, and Burma. Growers in northern areas take them indoors for the winter and back outdoors during the warm months. Floyd Dillon refers to this new process as creating micro climates. "There's a wonderful place in horticulture for dwarf trees," he declares. "They fit into porches and patios, and they harmonize with low architecture. Indoors or outdoors, you can live close to your trees. They give you more in foliage, in blossom fragrance and in good fruit than standard trees do. What more can a tree grower ask?" Suburbia Today, May 1961 33

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